​A concussion causes temporary changes inside the brain that affect how brain cells communicate and produce energy. Understanding what happens to the brain after a concussion can help patients, parents and healthcare professionals understand why symptoms occur and why proper management is essential.

Stage 1: The Initial Impact
​A concussion occurs when the brain experiences rapid acceleration, deceleration or rotational forces. This can happen during sport, a fall, a motor vehicle accident or any impact that causes the brain to move quickly inside the skull.
Although the brain is protected by cerebrospinal fluid, these sudden forces can stretch and temporarily disrupt nerve cells (neurons). Importantly, this injury is usually microscopic and cannot be seen on standard CT or MRI scans.
Stage 2: A Temporary Energy Crisis
Immediately after the injury, the brain undergoes what researchers often describe as a metabolic or energy crisis.
Damaged nerve cells release large amounts of neurotransmitters, particularly glutamate. This causes an imbalance of important minerals such as potassium and calcium, forcing brain cells to work much harder to restore normal function.
At the same time, the brain requires more energy while its ability to produce energy is reduced. This mismatch helps explain why people often experience:

• Headaches
• Dizziness
• Difficulty concentrating
• Brain fog
• Fatigue
• Sensitivity to light or noise

Stage 3: Recovery and Healing
Over the following days and weeks, the brain begins to recover.
Inflammation settles, damaged nerve connections begin repairing themselves and normal communication between brain cells gradually returns.
For most people, symptoms improve steadily with conservative management. However, returning to work, school or sport too quickly can overload the recovering brain and prolong symptoms.
Current concussion guidelines recommend a gradual return to normal activities under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.
Why Professional Assessment Matters
Every concussion is different. Some people recover within a couple of weeks, while others experience symptoms that persist for months.
At Peninsula Concussion Clinic, we perform comprehensive concussion assessments to identify the specific systems affected by your injury. We then develop an individualised rehabilitation plan to support a safe return to work, school, exercise and sport.
Early assessment and evidence-based management can help optimise recovery and reduce the risk of prolonged symptoms.
If you or someone you know has sustained a concussion, seeking professional advice is the first step towards a safe recovery.

Lachlan Williams
Concussion Management Expert- Osteopath

One of the most common questions we hear at Peninsula Concussion Clinic is, "When can I play sport again?" While every concussion is different, returning too soon can increase the risk of prolonged symptoms or another injury. That's why a structured, evidence-based return-to-sport plan is so important.In the first 2-4 weeks after a concussion. The first 24-48 hours relative rest is recommended. This means avoiding activities that significantly worsen symptoms while gradually reintroducing light daily tasks as tolerated. Complete bed rest is no longer considered the best approach.
As symptoms begin to improve, gentle physical activity such as walking or stationary cycling may be introduced under the guidance of a healthcare professional. The goal is to progressively increase activity while ensuring symptoms do not significantly worsen.
Returning to full training or competition should only occur once the individual has successfully completed each stage of a graduated return-to-sport program. This process usually involves increasing physical demands over several days while monitoring symptoms. If symptoms return, the individual should step back to the previous stage before progressing again.
Recovery time varies between individuals. The vast majority recover within weeks, while others require longer, particularly if symptoms persist or there have been previous concussions.

Lachlan Williams
Concussion Management Expert